BE = ESTAR/SER                                         SUBJECT PRONOUNS

is = esta                                       he    =    el                    we    =    nosotros

are = esta, estan, estamos              she   =   ella                 you    =    usted, usted(es)

 POSITIVE/NEGATIVE                                             QUESTIONS?           

He       is (not)           happy                                             Is   he       happy?            

She     is (not)         happy                                              Is   she     happy?                       

It         is (not)         happy                                                                       Is   it         happy?

              (is not = isn´t)

We      are  (not)  happy                                              Are   we      happy?          

You     are  (not)   happy                                             Are    you    happy?            

They   are  (not)   happy                                             Are    they   happy?          

            (are not  = aren´t)

I           am (not)       happy                                           Am     I          happy?

           ( I am not = I´m not)

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Other contractions for be.

He    is   happy.   =   He´s      happy.                                                          We     are    happy.    =    We´re      happy.

She  is   happy.   =   She´s    happy.                                                          You    are   happy.     =     You´re     happy.

It      is   happy.   =    It´s        happy.                                                         They  are    happy.     =    They´re    happy.

                                                                    I  am  happy  =  I´m  happy

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

                                                           Be - Past Simple

He  was  happy.        El estaba      El estuvo

She was happy.       Ella estaba   Ella estuvo

It was happy.           El estaba  El estuvo

I was happy.         Yo estaba      Yo estuve

We were happy.   Nosotros estabamos

you were happy.  Usted/Ustedes estaban

They were happy.  Ellos/Ellas estaban

     EXAMPLES OF BE WITH AFFIRMATIVE, POSITIVE AND QUESTION STATEMENTS

BE = ESTAR/SER.

                             POSITIVE

He      is     happy.

El     esta   feliz.

                                                  He     is    happy.

She    is     happy.                   She   is    happy.

Ella     esta  feliz.                    It       is    happy

It       is     happy.

El     esta   feliz.

                             NEGATIVE

No, he  is not  happy.

No, el no esta feliz.

                                             No, he is not happy

No, she  is not  happy.     No, she is not happy

No, ella no esta  feliz.      No, it is not happy

No, it is not feliz.

No, el no esta feliz.

QUESTIONS

Is he happy?

? Esta el feliz¿

                                              Is he happy?

Is she happy?                     Is she happy?

? Esta ella fefiz¿                 Is it happy?

Is it   happy?

? Esta el feliz¿

____________________________________________________

                         Indefinite Articles

                              A,  An

        a,  an =       un,  una   (singular)                        

      A  (consonants)                   An (vowels)

        b   =   a  book                  a   =  an  apple

       c   =   a  chair                  e   =  an  elephant

       t    =   a  tiger                   i    =  an   insect

       d   =   a  dog                    o   =  an  orange

       f    =    a  fan                    u   =  an  umbrella

_____________________________________________ 

                   This, That, These, Those

           Touch (tocar)           No Touch (no tocar)                    

Singular this  (este, esta)        that (ese, esa) 

Plural    these  (estos, estas)   those  ( esos, esas)

This is a book.                     That is an apple.

This is not a book.                That is not an apple.

Is this a book?                      Is that an apple?

These are chairs.                  Those are animals.

These are not chairs.             Those are not animals.

Are these chairs?                   Are those animals?
 

                  The  = el, la

The  dog  is  big.                    Ed  is  in the house.

The  dog  is not big.               Ed   is  not  in the house

Is the dog big?                       Is  Ed  in  the house?

____________________________________________________

                          Possesive Pronouns

    my,  your,  his,  her,  its,  our,  their

English             Spanish                    Example

1. my            mi                   My friend - mi amigo

                                            My friends - mis amigos

2. your         tu,su, sus         Your friend - su amigo                                                 Your friends - sus amigos

3. his            de el                His friend - amigo de el

                                            His friends - amigos de el 

4. her           de ella              Her friend - amiga de ella

                                            Her friends - amigas de ella
 

5. its             de el                Its friend - amigo de el

                                             Its friends - amigos de el
 

6. our            nuestro            Our friend - nuestro amigo

                                             Our friends - nuestros amigos 

7. their          de ellos            Their friend - amigo de ellos

                                             Their friends - amigos de ellos      

 Example:

       Singular                                          Plural 

My  friend is wonderful.                Her friends are great.

My  friend is not  wonder.             Her friends are not great.

Is my friend wonderful?               Are her friends great?

___________________________________________________                        

                                Be - Past Simple

He   was fast.             He   was  not fast.

She  was fast.             She  was  not fast.

It    was  fast.             It    was  not fast.

I     was   fast.            I     was not  fast.

We   were  fast.       We  were not   fast

They were  fast.     They  were not   fast.

You  were  fast.      You  were not   fast.

                   POSITIVE

We            are          happy

Nosotros estamos feliz

                                                            We are happy

You are happy                                  You are happy

Usted(es)  estas(an)  feliz.           They are happy

                                                             I  am  happy

They are happy

Ellos    estan feliz

I am  happy.                             

Yo estoy feliz.

                             NEGATIVE

No, we are not happy.

No estamos feliz.               No, we are not happy.

                                              No, you are not happy.

                                              No, they are not happy.

No, You are not happy.  

No, usted(es) no estan feliz.

No, they are not happy

Ellos no estan feliz.

                               QUESTIONS

? Usted(es) estan feliz¿                Are they happy?

                                                           Am I happy?

Are they happy?

?Estan ellos feliz¿

Am I happy?

?Estoy yo feliz¿

___________________________________________________ 

Why     =    por que

What    =   que

When   =   cuando

Where  =   donde

Who     =   quien

Why                                                                                          

What                        he

When          is           she   _________ ?

Where                       it

Who                              

Why                        we

What                       you

When        are                     __________?

Where                     they

Who            am            I                  

El estuvo